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December 31, 2010
My now-8.5 months' success with Flaps has been due to not
following the three (3) most common and detrimental misunderstandings of
the species. A. granulatus is so misunderstood because it is
significantly different from A. javanicus. and A. arafurae,
so different it once had its own genus: Chersydrus (same binomial,
though: granulatus) and was even thought to be venomous (!)
and even more closely related to the sea snakes because of its
semi-flattened tail! But science has clarified these misunderstandings
and revamped the taxonomy. Now, I will address the aforementioned three
(3) most common and detrimental misunderstandings that have been the cause
of demise for years, two of the three: salinity and water depth which
were responsible for taking my first pair (1.1) back in October 2004.
1) Salinity. Acrochordus granulatus is sometimes thought to
be a "marine" species because it is most often found in the soft
and acidic shallows of SE Asia which *typically* tend to be brackish.
This brackish element got many in the herpetocultural hobby hyped because,
of course, it's different = unique. The general rule was either 1 tbs. or
1 tsp. (-I forget) of marine salt per gallon of water, but do NOT
pay any attention to this!
The truth is A. granulatus has been found just as well in fresh
water and also in salt water, from “stagnant”/estuary bodies of water to
rivers to supposedly six (6) miles (!) out at sea!! Really, A.
granulatus is an all-around species, but it should be considered an
estuary creature rather than, say, a sea
creature.
The reason keeping A. granulatus in consistently brackish water
turns out fatal in 2-3 weeks is because they don't
breathe the water; they still breathe air and thus drink the water,
which means dehydration occurs at an unknown salinity level.
So, because the select few worldwide (!) who have successfully kept A.
granulatus long-term kept/keep them in fresh water, people need
to GET OVER THE BRACKISH THING (!!) and just keep things simple: KEEP
IT FRESH!! If anything, adding 1-2 tbs. of marine salt
several hours after a water change once in a while—which
will allow the snake(s) to drink first--might stimulate nature which could
be good for breeding, and it can also help lower NH3 (toxic ammonia) if
You have issues keeping it down. I have never added salt.
2) Water depth. For some reason or other, some--such as me six
years ago--think an entirely filled aquarium is appropriate just because
these snakes are fully aquatic. Truth is, they are 'shallow-water snakes'
and actually don't hunt well in deep(er) waters...if they can even hunt at
all! The care sheets (or Kris Ramones' at least) on
www.acrochordus.com suggest
keeping the water level down at ~4". I would not disagree though
mine ranges from 5"-5.5" because of the Zoo Med 318 Turtle Clean filter I
use which is 4.7" high + all of the décor I have in there...but Flaps
makes use of everything, so nothing is going. :) Anyway, it
is fact: A. granulatus does not hunt well in
deep(er) waters, so keep it shallow!
In regards to the virtually 'waterless' conditions I created during water
changes in early months of husbandry (notice in videos), I have been
theorizing that perhaps tides play a role in influencing the feeding
habits of Acrochordus granulatus. It's difficult to make any
concrete conclusions without sufficient field study, but it is very likely
and too logical to not be a possibility.
3) Temperature. As aforementioned in Misunderstanding #1,
Acrochordus granulatus is sometimes perceived as a "marine" species,
and because marine temperatures--of course replicated in the marine fish
hobby--are generally ~78 degrees Fahrenheit, many people discovering and
keeping A. granulatus for the first time attempt(ed) to maintain
them at these temperatures. As Dr. Lillywhite points out, death is
imminent at 25 degrees Celsius, or 77 degrees Fahrenheit (which
would explain many deaths or at least sicknesses (exempli gratia,
"white spot fungus") during or post transport), and I personally
suggest NOT letting the temperature drop below 82
degrees Fahrenheit. Regal Reptiles had always kept theirs at 82 (I know
this from 1) working there as the "snake man" from 8/30/04-10/25/04 where
I obtained my first pair, and 2) because Beth confirmed the temperature at
the reptile expo on 4/11/10 when and where I purchased Flaps from), and so
have others.
Frankly, I choose to maintain a temperature range of 86-88 degrees
Fahrenheit,
occasionally *slowly* dropping to 82 when siphoning water out and
*slowly* rising to 90 when siphoning water in, of course cooling
back down to 86-88 in an hour or so.
The temperature has even *gradually of course* risen to 95 (!!) with NO
adverse reactions from Flaps...their waters are simply known to be
86-95 degrees Fahrenheit.
Acrochordus granulatus
is very thermal-sensitive, and sudden temperature changes will
shock the animal, to possible death! I know this first hand from when I
brought Flaps home is his dirty (feces?) water and felt the need to change
it up, especially since it was probably too cool. Well, though it felt
luke-warm to me, it made Flaps writhe in anguish with mouth agape - my
heart jumped in my throat that I had almost lost him on the first day home
(!) which spelled too warm to me. Luckily, I was still holding him
and my girlfriend standing by for help, so I immediately pulled him out,
and We refilled with slightly cooler water. Anyway, the nicely-provided Water
Temperature Charts on
Acrochordus.com are indicative of the naturally higher temperatures
occurring in the range of these snakes than was originally led to believe.
***
So, then, to answer many people’s predominant concern about the
"notoriously difficult" husbandry of the genus Acrochordus, I would
say they're not so much difficult as just misunderstood,
especially in regards to A. granulatus. It is the hope of the
select few who have succeeded with Acrochordus spp. (namely, A.
granulatus) to one day figure out what is ultimately necessary
husbandry-wise to ensure long-term success and happiness for the animal(s)
in captivity, so that--and I do paraphrase from here on out--one
day, perhaps the common 15-year-old herper will be able to keep one like a
corn snake! :)
Now, in conclusion of everything, I will provide my first-ever care sheet
(for Acrochordus granulatus of course) in itemization style:
Tank:
20G-Long or 29G at the biggest should be sufficient since the water level
needs to be kept shallow, and You want to be able to reach down easy
enough.
Water:
FRESH!! ...and 4" if possible though can be difficult to set up a tank so
low, thus I believe 5"-5.5" is acceptable, especially if there is a lot of
furniture for the snake(s) to cling to and grasp when hunting, and to
‘trap’ the fish within so to speak.
Temperature:
86-88 degrees Fahrenheit. NOTE: the use of two heaters--one on
each end, or like mine: one front-right, other back-left--is recommended
in case one fails, but also so that the temperature is consistent
throughout the aquarium...no temperature gradient here!
pH:
<7 (= acidic) is all that should be paid attention to. Of course, 5.5-6.5
would be optimum, but pH is not as crucial to these snakes as once
thought.
gH
(General Hardness reading magnesium and calcium) and kH (Carbonate
Hardness): 2-3, or as low as possible. Id est, You want soft
water, and using R.O. (Reverse Osmosis) water or bottled distilled water
(such as from Target where I once purchased it until I started using my
Father's R.O. machine) are the preferred methods of obtaining soft water
which should also have a natural pH of 6.0, do note. Should
You live an area with generally "pristine" water such as in Western MA :)
You could rely on that, but it's iffy...
Filtration:
a small (fully submersible) biological filter (exempli gratia, the
Zoo Med Turtle Clean 318)
with perhaps a small pump in opposite-diagonal corner, or even an xP1
canister filter by Rena. Don't make a river, as these
snakes are typically in "stagnant" waters, but to keep a lid on the NH3
and NO2 (nitrites), You need fair circulation. I had actually failed in
this department because of all the décor I have in my tank, but the NH3
spikes didn’t seem to affect Flaps**.
NOTE: In the wild, animals get to choose their environment (speaking of
the stagnant-to-river ordeal here); in captivity, they are stuck with what
We give them, so finding a good middle ground is necessary. I advise the
minimal flow that can still keep the NH3 down, still with regular water
changes (see below) of course which will obviously decrease the NH3.
Substrate:
small-to-medium-sized "river stones" are my preference.
Petco's
25 lb. bag fills
a 29G aquarium (30" x 12") perfectly!! :)
Hideouts:
I have three (3!), or 5+ if You count everything, ha! I have one each on
the left and right sides, and one in the center. The left hideout is a
Zoo Med Repti Shelter
(small?); the center-left hideout is a
Zilla Bark Bends
(medium); and the right hideout is a Petco Reptile Cave (Large, SKU:
716111 – not on site, sorry). I also happen to have this most perfect
piece of driftwood (NOT purchased for Flaps or even my first pair
of Acrochordus granulatus; was just on hand) that bows from back
corner to back corner, nearly reaching the front. It initially hindered a
lot of circulation, but Flaps LOVES it!! :) I have to scrub-clean the
fungus build-up every few months, but it's no biggie.
(Top) Vegetation/Coverage:
A LOT without literally stopping the flow. I, personally, love Exo-Terra's
Duckweed and Water Lettuce, and I use another obscure plant in back of the
driftwood, semi-submersed, which Flaps loves. These snakes do NOT take
well to bright light, so a LOT of top vegetation is crucial, even those
floating pieces of bark slabs sold for turtles.
Lighting:
I use an
18" Zilla Slimline Tropical Fixture
which would be excessively bright to Flaps were it not for the top
vegetation. If the water temperature is somehow insufficient, use heat
lamps to compensate.
Photoperiod:
12 hours, dropping to NO less than 11 hours in winter.
NOTE: Between the longest and shortest days of even the furthest (northern
and southern) extents of Indonesia, it is only ~48 minutes difference. In
Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia, it is only ~10 minutes difference, every day
technically over 12 hours of daylight (from sunrise to sunset, see here:
Sunrise and sunset in Manado).
Water Changes:
This will be a pain the ass, but until if-and-when You complete the
Bacteria Cycle and have things under control with sufficient flow,
perform near-100% W.Cs. every day! And do NOT scoop out/in water
as You want everything gradual and calm; rather, siphon! An aid in
expediting the B.C. is
Seachem Stability
(S.S.) - read up on it if You'd like. You cannot possibly overdose
it, only "waste" it. I applied 100 ml after every water change, evenly
distributing it. When things are under control, You should only have
to perform weekly ~60-70% W.Cs., and You can wean off of the S.S.
Miscellaneous:
I happen to have a random
Petco Bamboo Stalks
(SKU: 1192671 = smaller size) which Flaps likes crawling through. The
more stuff to make Your snake(s) feel at home (especially dark refuge!)
without practically stopping the flow, the better, I say. Also, pick up
some
Kent Marine Black Water Expert
- no one carries it in my area and has to be ordered from my local fish
store (L.F.S.). It aids in natural tannins and humic acid naturally found
in their waters, of course helping to make the water a little more
acidic. For my ~5 gallons, I apply 2 tsp. of it after every water
change, evenly distributing it. Lastly, applying some drops of
Kent Marine Zoe after every
water change isn't a bad idea, especially if Your snake(s) happen to be on
goldfish which highly lack in Thiamin (B vitamins).
NOTE: Flaps had only consumed one (1) goldfish out of the couple dozen
(!!) I had gotten him, and that was a few months after I stopped buying
goldfish…’Goldy,’ I called him, lasted forever, and I honestly think Flaps
ate him by mistake, heh…id est, I think Goldy got caught in the mix of
mollies which, by the way, are more natural to this species’
diet. I am currently trying Platies now, too, which are very
similar. I will be trying other items with Time.
As a last ‘Miscellaneous note’, I advise picking up a
Seachem Ammonia Alert
or two which tests for NH3 (toxic ammonia) ONLY, and which is the critical
and more concerning form of ammonia, since 99% of ammonia test kits test
for both NH3 and NH4 (ammonium, or iodized ammonia).
Well, I think that is it for now. I hope it helps!! A detail-by-detail
explanation of my whole regimen and experiences can be extracted from my
log and typed for anyone who cares. I feel the first key to having
success with Acrochordus granulatus is obtaining A-grade specimens
to begin with, and Dr. Lillywhite seems to believe a large part
of his success was due to receiving his specimens directly from the
(Indonesian) exporter(s). When You receive something third- or
fourth-hand, by that time, the animals have stressed quite a bit, and if
temperatures dropped at all--and for a substantial amount of time--"white
spot fungus" (W.S.F.) usually shows its ugly face and takes its toll.
NOTE, though: The key to ridding Your animal(s) of W.S.F. seems to
be keeping things simple and NOT using any (special) medications or
anything; just provide clean/fresh/pure water via performing daily
near-100% W.Cs. I, personally, have not had to deal with W.S.F.
on Flaps, and I am ever so thankful.
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